Post by IbnNurAlShanti on Feb 21, 2016 0:05:16 GMT
Status of Imam Abu Hanifah
Selected Points From Allamah Shibli Nomani's Seeratun Numan and Allamah Sarfraz Khan Safdar's Maqam-e-Abi Hanifa
Translated by Maulana Mohsaib Mohammad
Translated by Maulana Mohsaib Mohammad
Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) was born in the year 80 A.H and passed away in the year 150 A.H, his father Thabit served Hadrat Ali (Radi’allahuanh) in his youth.
His grandfather’s name was Zouta and when he embraced Islam his name was then changed to Nu’man.
Some historians have mentioned that Zouta was captured from Kabul and a woman from the tribe of Banu Taymillah purchased him. He remained a slave for a few days and was then set free. This is why Imam Abu Hanifah’s (Rahimahullah) lineage is also known as Mawla Bani Taymillah.
The biography of his father is unknown, although through indications it is known that he spent his life as a businessman. At the age of 40 he was blessed with a child who was named Nu’man who came to be known as Abu Hanifah.
When Imam Abu Hanifah was born, a few sahabah were still alive at the time. The likes of Anas ibn Malik who passed away in 93 A.H, Sahl ibn Sa’d who passed away in 91 A.H and Aamir ibn Wathilah who lived till 100 A.H. However, it has not been proven from anywhere that Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) had narrated any ahaadith from them and there are reasons for this. Firstly because Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) had not had any education till that time because his family were preoccupied in the line of business. And secondly the people of Kufa were very cautious in learning and narrating ahaadith, the principle that they had in place was that any person below the age the age of 20 years could not participate in ahaadith lessons. However, great Muhaddithun such as Khateeb Al Baghdadi, Imam Al-Nawawi, Imam Al- Dhahabi, Ibn Hajar and many others who had authority in hadith, have mentioned that Imam Abu Hanifah had seen Anas ibn Malik (Radi’allahuanh).
Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) was a resident of Kufa which is based in Iraq, so a few facts should be mentioned regarding his place of residence and how active it was in the work of Deen.
Hadrat Ali (radi’allahuanh) spent the remainder of his caliphate in Kufa. He sent out all his orders from Kufa. Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullah) writes:
His grandfather’s name was Zouta and when he embraced Islam his name was then changed to Nu’man.
Some historians have mentioned that Zouta was captured from Kabul and a woman from the tribe of Banu Taymillah purchased him. He remained a slave for a few days and was then set free. This is why Imam Abu Hanifah’s (Rahimahullah) lineage is also known as Mawla Bani Taymillah.
The biography of his father is unknown, although through indications it is known that he spent his life as a businessman. At the age of 40 he was blessed with a child who was named Nu’man who came to be known as Abu Hanifah.
When Imam Abu Hanifah was born, a few sahabah were still alive at the time. The likes of Anas ibn Malik who passed away in 93 A.H, Sahl ibn Sa’d who passed away in 91 A.H and Aamir ibn Wathilah who lived till 100 A.H. However, it has not been proven from anywhere that Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) had narrated any ahaadith from them and there are reasons for this. Firstly because Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) had not had any education till that time because his family were preoccupied in the line of business. And secondly the people of Kufa were very cautious in learning and narrating ahaadith, the principle that they had in place was that any person below the age the age of 20 years could not participate in ahaadith lessons. However, great Muhaddithun such as Khateeb Al Baghdadi, Imam Al-Nawawi, Imam Al- Dhahabi, Ibn Hajar and many others who had authority in hadith, have mentioned that Imam Abu Hanifah had seen Anas ibn Malik (Radi’allahuanh).
Kufa
Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) was a resident of Kufa which is based in Iraq, so a few facts should be mentioned regarding his place of residence and how active it was in the work of Deen.
Hadrat Ali (radi’allahuanh) spent the remainder of his caliphate in Kufa. He sent out all his orders from Kufa. Ibn Taymiyyah (rahimahullah) writes:
و إنما ظهر علم علي و فقهه في الكوفة بحسب مقامه فيها عندهم مدة خلافة
(منهاج السنة جلد ٤ صفحه ١٣٧ طبع مصر)
"The knowledge and fiqh (jurisprudence) of Hadrat Ali (radi’allahuanh) became apparent in Kufa during his stay/caliphate." [1]
(منهاج السنة جلد ٤ صفحه ١٣٧ طبع مصر)
"The knowledge and fiqh (jurisprudence) of Hadrat Ali (radi’allahuanh) became apparent in Kufa during his stay/caliphate." [1]
Hadrat Shah Waliyullah (Rahimahullah) writes:
كان أغلب قضاياه بالكوفة
(حجة البالغة جد ١ صفحه ١٣٢ طبع مصر)
"Majority of his decisions were from Kufa"[2]
"Majority of his decisions were from Kufa"[2]
Before Hadrat Ali (Radi’allahuanh) went to Kufa, some sahaabah were already residing there, the Likes of Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas, Abdullah ibn Masud, Hudhaifa, Ammaar and Abu Musa Al-Asha’ri (radi’allahuanhum) whom Hadrat Umar (rad’allahuanh) had sent during his Caliphate.[3]
What they had learnt there was, as stated by Ibn Taymiyyah:
كانوا قد تعلموا الإيمان والقراٰن و تفسيره و الفقه والسنة عن ابن مسعود و غيره قبل أن يقدم علي الكوفة
(منهاج السنة جلد ٤ سفحه ١٤٢)
"They had learnt Imaan (faith), Quran, Tafseer, jurisprudence and Sunnah from Abdullah ibn Masud (radi’allahuanh) and others before Hadrat Ali (radi’allahuanh) came to Kufa."[4]
(منهاج السنة جلد ٤ سفحه ١٤٢)
"They had learnt Imaan (faith), Quran, Tafseer, jurisprudence and Sunnah from Abdullah ibn Masud (radi’allahuanh) and others before Hadrat Ali (radi’allahuanh) came to Kufa."[4]
Many great sahaabah were situated in Kufa. Imam al-Dhahabi narrates from Qatadah (Rahimahullah) that approximately 1050 sahaabah were situated in Kufa from which 24 had taken part in the Battle of Badr.[5]
Kufa wasn’t only known for fiqh, but was also headquarters of hadith. Thousands of students came to Kufa to learn hadith. The famous Tabi’ Muhammad ibn Sireen (Rahimahullah) who was a master in dream interpretations says:
قدمت الكوفة و بها أربعة اٰلاف يطلبون الحديث
(تدريب الراوي صفحه ٢٧٥ طبع مصر)
"I came to Kufa and there were 4000 students studying hadith."[6]
(تدريب الراوي صفحه ٢٧٥ طبع مصر)
"I came to Kufa and there were 4000 students studying hadith."[6]
Imam Bukhari (Rahimahullah) went to numerous places and cities to learn hadith, he travelled to Kufa and Baghdad several times. He mentions:
لا أحصي كم دخلت إلي الكوفة و بغداد مع المحدثين
(هدي الساري مقدمه فتح الباري جلد ٢ صفحه ٤٧٩ طبع مصر)
"I cannot recall the amount of times I went to the Muhaddithun in Kufa and Baghdad."[7]
Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) and fiqh (jurisprudence)
(هدي الساري مقدمه فتح الباري جلد ٢ صفحه ٤٧٩ طبع مصر)
"I cannot recall the amount of times I went to the Muhaddithun in Kufa and Baghdad."[7]
The great Imam Shafi’ mentions:
ومن أراد الفقه فهو عيال علي أبي حنيفة
(الإنتقاء صفحه ١٣٦ لإبن عبد البر)
"Whosoever wants to acquire fiqh then he is dependant of Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah)"[8]
In addition to this, we should remember that Imam al-Dhahabi, beyond doubt, was an expert in the science of criticizing and authenticating narrators (جرح و تعديل).He mentions in one of his classic books ميزان الإعتدال في نقد الرجال in the introduction (page 46) that he will not mention the sahaabah due to their high rank. He further mentions:
(الإنتقاء صفحه ١٣٦ لإبن عبد البر)
"Whosoever wants to acquire fiqh then he is dependant of Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah)"[8]
Imam al-Dhahabi in his book “Excellence of Imam Abu Hanifah” and many other Scholars have quoted Imam Shafi’ as saying:
الناس في الفقه عيال علي أبي حنيفة
"People are dependant on Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) in fiqh.
"
"People are dependant on Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) in fiqh.
"
In addition to this, we should remember that Imam al-Dhahabi, beyond doubt, was an expert in the science of criticizing and authenticating narrators (جرح و تعديل).He mentions in one of his classic books ميزان الإعتدال في نقد الرجال in the introduction (page 46) that he will not mention the sahaabah due to their high rank. He further mentions:
وكذا لا أذكر في كتابي من الأ ئمة المتبوعين في الفروع أحدا
"And like wise in my book I will not mention those scholars who are followed in furooi’ (branches) masaail."
"And like wise in my book I will not mention those scholars who are followed in furooi’ (branches) masaail."
Why?
لجلالتهم في الأسلام و عظمتهم في النفوس
"Due to their high esteem in Islam and greatness of being and personality.
"
"Due to their high esteem in Islam and greatness of being and personality.
"
And the first person he goes on to mention is none other than Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah).
So Imam al-Dhahabi is saying there is no need of even mentioning or commenting on Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah), due to his highly accepted knowledge, just like there is no need of mentioning the sahabah.
The famous historian Ibn Khaldun writes regarding Imam Abu Hanifah:
So Imam al-Dhahabi is saying there is no need of even mentioning or commenting on Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah), due to his highly accepted knowledge, just like there is no need of mentioning the sahabah.
The famous historian Ibn Khaldun writes regarding Imam Abu Hanifah:
ومقامه في الفقه لا يلحق، شهد بذالك أهل جلدته و خصوصا مالك و شافعي
(مقدمه صفحه ٤٤٧ طبع مصر)
"His status in fiqh is incomparable. The people of his time have given witness to that especially Imam Malik (Rahimahullah) and Imam Shafi’ (Rahimahullah)."[9]
(مقدمه صفحه ٤٤٧ طبع مصر)
"His status in fiqh is incomparable. The people of his time have given witness to that especially Imam Malik (Rahimahullah) and Imam Shafi’ (Rahimahullah)."[9]
Abdullah ibn Mubarak mentions:
أفقه الناس أبو حنيفة ما رأيت في الفقه مثله و قال أيضا لو لا أن الله أغاثني بأبي حنيفة و سفيان كنت كسائر الناس
(تهذيب التهذيب جلد ١٠ صفحه ٤٥٠)
"The biggest jurist is Abu Hanifah. I have not seen anyone like him in jurisprudence. He also mentioned that if Allah did not help me through Abu Hanifah and Sufyan, and then I would have been like the rest of the people."[10]
(تهذيب التهذيب جلد ١٠ صفحه ٤٥٠)
"The biggest jurist is Abu Hanifah. I have not seen anyone like him in jurisprudence. He also mentioned that if Allah did not help me through Abu Hanifah and Sufyan, and then I would have been like the rest of the people."[10]
Imam Yahya ibn Ma’een says:
العلماء أربعة: الثوري و أبو حنيفة و مالك و أوزاعي
(البداية و النهاية جلد ١٠ صفحه ١١٦)
(البداية و النهاية جلد ١٠ صفحه ١١٦)
"There are only 4 scholars; Sufyan Al-Thawri, Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Malik and Imam Awzae’"[11]
Imam Abu Hanifah and hadith
Without a shadow of doubt, Imam Abu Hanifah was an expert, master and an ocean of knowledge in the field of hadith. The likes of Abdullah ibn Mubarak, Yahya ibn Ma’een and Waqee’ ibn Jarrah along with others all accepts his profound knowledge in hadith.
Ibn Abd Al-Barr writes:
Some people criticize Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) regarding his knowledge in hadith. You might hear them say “brother, he was weak in hadith, he only knew few ahadith”. If they are kind they may say he knew 16-17 ahadith. Subhanallah! An Imam whose knowledge was acknowledged by the great scholars of his time doesn’t have sound knowledge in hadith.
Without a shadow of doubt, Imam Abu Hanifah was an expert, master and an ocean of knowledge in the field of hadith. The likes of Abdullah ibn Mubarak, Yahya ibn Ma’een and Waqee’ ibn Jarrah along with others all accepts his profound knowledge in hadith.
Ibn Abd Al-Barr writes:
وروي حماد بن زيد عن أبي حنيفة أحاديث كثيرة
(الإتقاء صفحه ١٣٠)
"Hammad ibn Zayd had narrated a lot of ahadith from Imam Abu Hanifah."[12]
"Hammad ibn Zayd had narrated a lot of ahadith from Imam Abu Hanifah."[12]
Ibn Abd Al-Barr mentions regarding Waqee’ ibn Jarrah:
وكان يحفظ حديثه كله و كان قد سمع من أبي حنيفة حديثا كثيرا
(جامع بيان العلم جلد ٢ صفحه ١٤٩)
(that Waqee’ ibn Jarrah) "had memorised all his ahadith and he had heard a lot of ahadith from Imam Abu Hanifah."[13]
(that Waqee’ ibn Jarrah) "had memorised all his ahadith and he had heard a lot of ahadith from Imam Abu Hanifah."[13]
Allamah al-Dhahabi narrates from Imam Abu Dawud:
إن أبا حنيفة كان إماما
(تذكرة جلد ١ صفحه ١٦٠)
"Without doubt (Imam) Abu Hanifah was an Imam."[14]
(تذكرة جلد ١ صفحه ١٦٠)
"Without doubt (Imam) Abu Hanifah was an Imam."[14]
Imam Abu Dawud also mentions:
رحم الله مالكا كان إماما، رحم الله الشافعي كان إماما، رحم الله أبا حنيفة كان إماما
(كاب الإنتقاء صفحه ٣٢، جامع بيان العلم جلد ٢ صفحه ١٦٣)
(كاب الإنتقاء صفحه ٣٢، جامع بيان العلم جلد ٢ صفحه ١٦٣)
"Allah have mercy on (Imam) Malik he was an Imam, Allah Have mercy on (Imam) Shafi’ he was an Imam Allah have mercy on (Imam) Abu Hanifah he was an Imam."[15]
The great Muhaddith Israeel mentions regarding Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah):
ما كان أحفظه لكل حديث فيه فقه و أشد فحصه عنه و أعلمه بما فيه من الفقه
(تاريخ بغداد جلد ١٣ صفحه ٣٣٩)
"He (Imam Abu Hanifah) had learnt all those ahadith very well from which a fiqhi rule/ruling can be derived. And he was a person who would constantly talk on ahadith and was well aware of the fiqhi rulings that derived from them."[16]
يجب علي أهل اإسلام أن يدعو الله لأبي حنيفة في صلوٰتهم قال و ذكر حفظه عليهم السنن و الفقه
(تاريخ بغداد جلد ١٣ صفحه ٣٤٤)
"It is necessary for the muslims to pray for Imam Abu Hanifah in their Salah and he also mentioned that the reason for this is because he protected the Sunnah and fiqh."[17]
"Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) was reliable. He would only narrate those ahadith which he had memorised and he would not narrate those which he had not memorised."[19]
(تاريخ بغداد جلد ١٣ صفحه ٣٣٩)
Imam Abdullah ibn Dawud mentions:
يجب علي أهل اإسلام أن يدعو الله لأبي حنيفة في صلوٰتهم قال و ذكر حفظه عليهم السنن و الفقه
(تاريخ بغداد جلد ١٣ صفحه ٣٤٤)
"It is necessary for the muslims to pray for Imam Abu Hanifah in their Salah and he also mentioned that the reason for this is because he protected the Sunnah and fiqh."[17]
Mulla Ali Qari narrates from Imam Muhammad Ibn Samaa’h:
(الجواهر جلد ١ صفحه ٤٧٤)
"Imam mentioned in his writings over 70,000 ahadith and from it chose his athar among 40,000 "[18]
ان الإمام ذكر في تصانيفه نيفا و سبعين ألف حديث و إنتخب الاثار من أربعين ألف حديث
(الجواهر جلد ١ صفحه ٤٧٤)
"Imam mentioned in his writings over 70,000 ahadith and from it chose his athar among 40,000 "[18]
Imam Khatib Al-Baghdadi also narrates from Yahya ibn Ma’een:
كان أبو حنيفة ثقة لا يحدث بالحديث إلا ما يحفظ و لا يحدث بما لا يحفظ
(تاريخ خطيب جلد ١٣ صفحه ٤١٩ طبع مصر)
(تاريخ خطيب جلد ١٣ صفحه ٤١٩ طبع مصر)
"Imam Abu Hanifah (Rahimahullah) was reliable. He would only narrate those ahadith which he had memorised and he would not narrate those which he had not memorised."[19]
Scholars such as Ali ibn Madini, Abdullah ibn Mubarak, Waqi ibn Jarrah, Yahya ibn Ma’een, Sufyan Al-Thawri along with numerous scholars of Hadith and scholars of criticizing and authenticating (جرح و تعديل) who have mentioned Imam Abu Hanifah to be reliable in Hadith and have also praised him. A point to remember is when the Scholars of hadith mention the word reliable(ثقة) ,they refer to being reliable in hadith.
Imam Abu Hanifah's (Rahimahullah) great contribution towards Sahih Bukhari
Many people won't tell you the fact that the Hanafi scholars have greatly contributed towards Imam Bukhari's Sahih.
Amongst the copious virtues of Bukhari is that it has 22 'ثلاثيات' ahādīth. A ثلاثي hādīth is that narration where there are only 3 narrators between Imam Bukhari and our beloved Prophet ﷺ. This is what makes the chain of the narration very strong. There are 22 like this in Bukhari, which are the cream of the book. From these 22, 11 ثلاثيات Imam Bukhari narrates from Imam Makki Bin IbrahīmBalkhi (d. 215 Hijri).
All the great Muhaddithūn, Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal, Imam Nasa'ī, and Imam Ibn Ma'een, have agreed upon his authenticity. (See Tazkirah Al-Huffaz, volume 1 page 268). One of his teachers in hādīth was Imam Abu Hanifah. Imam al-Dhahabi has mentioned his 6 main teachers in hadith, of which one of them is Imam Abu Hanifah (Tazkirah volume 1 page 268).
Imam Muwaffaq bin Ahmed Makki (d. 568 Hijri) has mentioned in his Manaqib of Imam Abu Hanifah (pg. 179):
Amongst the copious virtues of Bukhari is that it has 22 'ثلاثيات' ahādīth. A ثلاثي hādīth is that narration where there are only 3 narrators between Imam Bukhari and our beloved Prophet ﷺ. This is what makes the chain of the narration very strong. There are 22 like this in Bukhari, which are the cream of the book. From these 22, 11 ثلاثيات Imam Bukhari narrates from Imam Makki Bin IbrahīmBalkhi (d. 215 Hijri).
All the great Muhaddithūn, Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal, Imam Nasa'ī, and Imam Ibn Ma'een, have agreed upon his authenticity. (See Tazkirah Al-Huffaz, volume 1 page 268). One of his teachers in hādīth was Imam Abu Hanifah. Imam al-Dhahabi has mentioned his 6 main teachers in hadith, of which one of them is Imam Abu Hanifah (Tazkirah volume 1 page 268).
Imam Muwaffaq bin Ahmed Makki (d. 568 Hijri) has mentioned in his Manaqib of Imam Abu Hanifah (pg. 179):
هو مكي بن ابراهيم البلخي، امام بلخ، دخل كوفة سنة أربعين ومائة ولزم ابا حنيفة وسمع منه الحديث والفقه وأكثر عنه الرواية
"He, Makki bin Ibrahim al-Balkhi, Imām of Balkh, entered Kufa in the year 140 Hijri. He stayed in the company of Abu Hanīfah and learnt hādīth and fiqh from him, and he excessively narrated hādīth from him (Abu Hanifah)"
Imam Makki bin Ibrahim lived a long life, and was also amongst the greatest teachers of Imam Bukhari. Hence, Imam al-Dhahabi has mentioned:
وهو من كبار شيوخ البخاري...
(العبر ج ١ ص٢٩٠)
(العبر ج ١ ص٢٩٠)
"He lived over 90 years and he was from the greatest teachers of Bukhari"[19]
Rather, it was because of Imam Abu Hanifah's encouragement that Makki bin Ibrahim began to seek knowledge and learn hādīth. That's why Imam Makki bin Ibrahim states, himself:
فلا ازال ادعو لأبي حنيفة في دبر كل صلوة وعندما ذكرته لان الله تعالى ببركته فتح لي باب العلم
"I always make supplication for Abu Hanīfah after every salah and when I remember him, because Allah Almighty through his (Abu Hanifah) blessing, opened the door of knowledge for me."[20]
"I always make supplication for Abu Hanīfah after every salah and when I remember him, because Allah Almighty through his (Abu Hanifah) blessing, opened the door of knowledge for me."[20]
Due to the fact that he was the student of Imam Abu Hanīfah, he adhered to his school and was a very strong Hanafi.
وكان يحب ابا حنيفة حبا شديدا ويتعصب لمذهبه
"He greatly loved Abu Hanīfah and was fanatical towards his school"[21]
"He greatly loved Abu Hanīfah and was fanatical towards his school"[21]
Some might criticise the above text saying that he was an extreme Hanafi, or biased. However, the point here is that it is clear that he was a Hanafi.
So, the net result is:
1. Half of Imam Bukhari's ثلاثيات (which is the cream of Bukhari) is from his great HANAFI teacher
2. Amongst Imam Bukhari's greatest teachers of hādīth, he became what he became because of Imam Abu Hanifah
3. Imam Bukhari's great teacher learnt hādīth from Imam Abu Hanifah
4. Imam Bukhari's great teacher was encouraged to learn hādīth by Imam Abu Hanifah;
5. Imam Bukhari's great teacher in hādīth would pray for Imam Abu Hanifah after every salah and whenever he would mention him
6. Imam Bukhari's great teacher acknowledges that it was due to the Barakah of Imam Abu Hanifah that Allah opened the door of knowledge (hādīth, fiqh etc) for him.
The question is, if the teacher of Imam Bukhari, who is the pride of Bukhari, is such a great Muhaddith, and whose ثلاثيات is the cream of Bukhari, one must wonder how his teacher was.
Here are the references for the 11 places in Bukhari where Imam Bukhari has taken his ثلاثيات from Imam Makki Bin Ibrahim:
Hadith number 109, 497, 502, 561, 2007, 2289, 2960, 3041, 4206, 5497 and 6891.
So, the net result is:
1. Half of Imam Bukhari's ثلاثيات (which is the cream of Bukhari) is from his great HANAFI teacher
2. Amongst Imam Bukhari's greatest teachers of hādīth, he became what he became because of Imam Abu Hanifah
3. Imam Bukhari's great teacher learnt hādīth from Imam Abu Hanifah
4. Imam Bukhari's great teacher was encouraged to learn hādīth by Imam Abu Hanifah;
5. Imam Bukhari's great teacher in hādīth would pray for Imam Abu Hanifah after every salah and whenever he would mention him
6. Imam Bukhari's great teacher acknowledges that it was due to the Barakah of Imam Abu Hanifah that Allah opened the door of knowledge (hādīth, fiqh etc) for him.
The question is, if the teacher of Imam Bukhari, who is the pride of Bukhari, is such a great Muhaddith, and whose ثلاثيات is the cream of Bukhari, one must wonder how his teacher was.
Here are the references for the 11 places in Bukhari where Imam Bukhari has taken his ثلاثيات from Imam Makki Bin Ibrahim:
Hadith number 109, 497, 502, 561, 2007, 2289, 2960, 3041, 4206, 5497 and 6891.
[1] Minhaj al-Sunnah [3/137]
[2] Hujjatullah al-Baligha [1/136]
[3] Minhaj al-Sunnah [4/157]
[4] Ibid [4/142]
[5] Kitab al-Kunya wa'l Asma' [1/174]
[6] Tadhrib al-Rawi pg. 275
[7] Hadi al-Sari Muqaddimah Fath al-Bari [2/479]
[8] Al-Intiqa, Ibn Abd al-Barr, pg. 136
[9] Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldun, pg.447
[10] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib [1/450]
[11] Al-Bidayah Wa'l Nihayah [1/116]
[12] Al-Intiqa, pg. 130
[13] Jami' Bayan al-Ilm [2/149]
[14] Tazkirah [1/160]
[15] Al-Intiqa, pg. 32, Jami' Bayan al-Ilm [2/163]
[16] Tarikh Baghdad [13/339]
[17] Ibid [13/344]
[18] Al-Jawhar [1/474]
[19] Al-Ibar [1/290]
[20] Manaqib of Abu Hanīfah by Makki, page 179
[21] Ibid
[2] Hujjatullah al-Baligha [1/136]
[3] Minhaj al-Sunnah [4/157]
[4] Ibid [4/142]
[5] Kitab al-Kunya wa'l Asma' [1/174]
[6] Tadhrib al-Rawi pg. 275
[7] Hadi al-Sari Muqaddimah Fath al-Bari [2/479]
[8] Al-Intiqa, Ibn Abd al-Barr, pg. 136
[9] Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldun, pg.447
[10] Tahdhib al-Tahdhib [1/450]
[11] Al-Bidayah Wa'l Nihayah [1/116]
[12] Al-Intiqa, pg. 130
[13] Jami' Bayan al-Ilm [2/149]
[14] Tazkirah [1/160]
[15] Al-Intiqa, pg. 32, Jami' Bayan al-Ilm [2/163]
[16] Tarikh Baghdad [13/339]
[17] Ibid [13/344]
[18] Al-Jawhar [1/474]
[19] Al-Ibar [1/290]
[20] Manaqib of Abu Hanīfah by Makki, page 179
[21] Ibid